최선미 Seon Mi Choi , 홍준형 Joon Hyung Hong

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 1-29, 2014

This paper focuses on the failures of the SOC　transportation construction projects which have become a growing issue in the Korean local self-governing system. This study sheds light on the common and critical factors on failures by comparing the policy processes of three important cases: the Light Rail Transit (LRT) construction projects in Yongin, Busan-Gimhae and Jeonju. In all the three cases, political influence of the heads of the local governments and the exaggerated demand estimation made by demand-prediction institutions acted as very important factors, respectively as a internal policy factor and as a policy-formation factor. In order for a policy to succeed, this research implies, continuous feedback and effort at modification are essential in policy procedure. It is necessary to complement legal and institutional frameworks such as check and surveillance on the authority of heads of local governments. Also government has to create circumstances where private enterprises can effectively run their businesses because private-public cooperation may not always effectively work. By understanding the causes of failure in transportation infrastructure businesses which have been somewhat neglected thus far, we expect to find clues to policy modification and learning to minimize policy failure in about a hundred of light rail businesses that local governments have planned and proceeded.

경전철, 민간투자사업, 사회기반시설, 정책실패, 정책학습, Light Rail Transit(LRT), Private Finance Initiative(PFI), Social Overhead Capital(SOC), Policy Failure, Policy Learning

권경득 Kyung Deuk Kwon , 우무정 Moo Jung Woo , 황선범 Sun Bum Hwang , 임동진 Dong Jin Lim

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 29-60, 2014

The Purpose of this study is comparatively to analyze similarities and differences between Yongin Pokog Air Force(YPAF)``s locational conflict and other similar locational conflicts of military facilities in terms of three aspects such as conflict causes, conflict process, and conflict management & strategy, and to suggest conflict resolutions and policy implications. The summaries of this paper are as follows. First, in terms of conflict maker, YPAF``s locational conflict is citizen-maker``s civil military conflict, as other conflicts are government-makers``. Second, in the aspect of conflict process, there are no differences between YPAF and other conflicts. Third, in comparison with YPAF``s locational conflict and other cases, the interaction of third parties in YPAF``s case was less inactive. For this reason, other civil military conflicts are resolved, but YPAF``s conflict is still in trouble. The policy implications of this study are as following. First, it is not easy for citizen groups to resolve civil military conflicts. Second, the Yongin city government should involve the conflict resolution process and cooperate with stakeholders actively. Third, the law and institutional devices for conflict resolutions are necessary in the local government level. Fourth, the interested parties related with conflict need to have a homogeneous cognitive framework. Fifth, stakeholders need to utilize powerful negotiation strategies. Finally, cooperation governance of citizens, local governments, and politicians are needed in order to resolve YPAF``s conflict successfully.

민군갈등, 군사시설 입지갈등, 갈등해결, Civil Military Conflicts, Locational Conflicts of Military Facilities, Conflict Resolutions

Yong Hyo Cho , Byung Dae Choi , Kyung Duk Kwon

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 61-79, 2014

This paper argues that campaign financing and lobbying tend to seriously compromise the democratic processes of election and public policy-making in the United States. The national election campaigns are mainly financed by mega contributions from wealthy individuals and corporations. This phenomenon has become aggravated since super-PACs were ruled legal by the Supreme Court. Lobbying is almost exclusively political operation of major corporations and corporate associations aimed at influencing legislative activities and executive decision-making in their favor. Money expended for lobbying each year is as large as campaign spending for national elections. Election financing and lobbying tend to render a destructive effect to democracy, turning American politics into a plutocracy.

역기능 정치, 선거자금, 로비, Dysfunctional Politics, Campaign Financing, Lobbying

우양호 Yang Ho Woo , 김상구 Sang Goo Kim

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 79-101, 2014

The growth triangle is primarily an economic concept in Southeast Asia, although it is underpinned by strong political motivations. The model involves linking adjacent areas of separate countries with different endowments of factors of production - such as land, labour and capital - and different sources of comparative advantage, to form a subregion of economic growth. The SIJORI Growth Triangle is a partnership arrangement between Singapore, Johor in Malaysia, and Riau Islands in Indonesia that combines the competitive strengths of the three cross border areas to make the subregion more attractive to regional and international investors. The SIJORI Growth Triangle is the pioneer of transnational sub-regional cooperation in the East Asia Pacific, it is important to understand how it was shaped. More specifically, it links the infrastructure, capital and expertise of Singapore with the natural and labour resources and the abundance of land of Johor and Riau. The SIJORI Growth Triangle was first publicly announced in 1989 by Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The objective was to strengthen the economic links in the region and to optimize the complementarity between the three adjacent areas The pact would combine the management expertise, rich capital, technology and infrastructure of Singapore with the abundant labour, land and natural resources of neighbouring Johor State in Malaysia and the Riau Provice in Indonesia. The triangle of growth was envisioned to be a key component of the Singapore regionalization scheme of the 1980s and 1990s, relocating labor intensive industries to neighbouring places such as the Malaysian state of Johor(known as the Iskandar Development Region) and the island of Batam in the nearby Indonesian province of Riau Islands. As more Malaysian and Indonesian states joined the grouping, the Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle(IMS-GT) was formed to formalize the new grouping. Now, The SIJORI Growth Triangle is a very recent exciting experiment in economic integration in Southeast Asia. The SIJORI Growth Triangle encompasses various economic, political, and social components. There are significant political and social implications deriving from their emergence, and their future development will be affected by domestic politics within and the broader state of relations between the participating countries. The article also explores the question of whether growth triangles have been driven mainly by business or government initiative.

월경협력, 파트너십, 성장삼각지대, 접경지역, 초국경 네트워크, 동남아시아, Cross Border Cooperation, Partnership, Growth Triangle, SIJORI, Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore(IMS), Borders, cross border area, Southeast Asia

박용성 Young Sung Park

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 101-126, 2014

This study introduce an analysis of policy narratives in the case of the construction permit process of 2nd Lotte World(skyscraper) using the Narrative Policy Framework. Narrative Policy Framework(NPF) takes a systematic neo-positivist approach to understanding the social construction of policy realities. The 2nd Lotte world project, which build a 123-story skyscraper landmark, was unable to obtain approval from government. Government has opposed the construction over worries about air traffic safety at the near by Seoul Airport. But the 2nd Lotte world project obtained approval tanks largely to the business-friendly policy stance. The central questions of NPF concerns what is the role of policy narratives in the policy process and what effect policy narratives have on the policy change. This paper review the policy narrative formation, the empirical role of policy narratives in the policy change in the case of the construction permit process and policy narratives``s functions in the policy changes.

정책담화모형, 정책담화, 제2롯데월드 신축허가, the Narrative Policy Framework(NPF), policy change, 2nd Lotte world project

이수창 Soo Chang Lee , 정우열 Woo Yeoul Jeong

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 127-148, 2014

This study is to investigate the impact of organizational characteristics of social enterprises on social and economic performances. The study collects the data from 81 social enterprises and employs regression analysis in order to investigate causality between organizational characteristics of social enterprises and social and economic performances. As the results of analysis, governmental grant, types of business, scale, and types of organization have a negative influence on the social performance. Governmental grant has a negative influence on the economic performance and scale of social enterprises has a positive influence on the economic performance.

사회적기업, 조직특성, 사회적 성과, 경제적 성과, Social Enterprise, Organizational Characteristics, Social Performance, Economic Performance

전성욱 Seong Wook Jeon

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 149-176, 2014

The purpose of the study is to provide the implications by analyzing with kingdon``s multiple streams framework the cause of policy output``s failure and of not switching party nomination system to decision agenda. By expanding party nomination to local councilors in 2006, Scholars, ngo, the public were discussing in earnest to abolish party nomination system. The pledge of presidential candidates`` abolition opened the policy window, and turned this policy problem to be governmental agenda. In the political streams, it attracted the policy makers`` attention, and grabbed at a chance to turn to be decision agenda by installation and debate of a national assembly committee for agreement. But, the partial coupling of three streams (problem, political, policy) closed the policy window, and it made to fail the policy output. According to the result of analysis, the political stream is the major cause of policy output``s failure. The specific causes are the opposition parties`` competition of superiority in local election, the prevention of political support base``s breakaway, the change in position of political interests, the passive attitude of the president. In the policy streams, the abolition of party nomination system didn``t meet the value acceptability of policy community, and it couldn``t reach the agreement and support of dominant political force. This study contributed to verify the theory by analyzing the political issues in the process of policy agenda setting, to expand the practical applicability, to identify importance of policy entrepreneurs`` role, to enhance objectivity and reliability of the analysis by utilizing a wide range of empirical data.

정당공천, 지방선거, 정책의제설정, 정책형성과정, 다중흐름모형, 정책혁신가, party nomination, local election, policy agenda setting, policy formation, multiple streams framework, policy entrepreneurs

홍민 Min Hong , 황윤원 Yun Won Hwang

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 177-201, 2014

This study attempt to analyze the adopting mechanism and the implementing effects of BSC(Balanced Scorecard) as a administrative reform measures in the City of Qingdao, China, which adopted and implemented BSC measures relatively successfully as a model city to experimentally adopt BSC among Chinse localities. To do so, the study explores practicing status and finds out implementing obstacles of BSC adoption, and suggests some policy alternatives via questionnaire survey to government employees in the Qingdao city. Collected data was analysed through the correlation analysis and regression analysis to examine the relationships among variables selected here as 3 independent and 1 dependent variables together and respectively. Research results show that: i) the attitudes of accepting BSC of the city employees shows relatively positive in adopting mechanism selection, environment, and management system, and thus evaluated positively in overall implementing effects; ii) the major influencing factors are those of BSC training, IT infrastructure, reporting on website, and matching personnel administration and rewarding system, and iii) the differentiated strategies by the prioritized adopting targets are needed due to the different coefficients among variables when correlated individually. Research results imply those policy recommendations such as the expansion of BSC training opportunities and software development, the prompt information exposure, and most of all a strong willingness and leadership of chief executive officer in the city.

공공부문 BSC, BSC 구조와 지표체계, 도입환경, 운영관리, 운영효과, 중국 청도시, Public Sector BSC, BSC mechanism, BSC Adopting Environment, BSC Management System, BSC Effects, Qingdao City

김세훈 Se Hun Kim , 함영진 Young Jin Ham , 서순복 Sun Bok Seo

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 201-219, 2014

A lot of debates on ``governance`` has been occurred in relation to public sector innovation. The notion of governance underlines importance of cooperation between public sector and private sector. The government as a counterpart of governance means not an agency as a State, but a certain way of governing characterized by its ``top-down`` process. Whereas many researches are conducted in the area of governance, researches on government as a way of governing is scarce. The study explores characteristics of government as a way of governing and looks into interagency cooperation from the governmental viewpoint. It argues that the network perspective should be added to the government for successful interagency cooperation and suggests a new concept of ``network government``.

거버넌스, 거번먼트, 거번멘털리티, 부처간 협업, governance, government, governmentality, interagency cooperation

이광석 Kwang Seok Lee , 최창현 Chang Hyeon Choi

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 219-243, 2014

Policy can be defined as an intervention that government uses when it tries to keep or change the present situation. However, it is difficult to realize the expected effect that the government policy aims at, which means that it tends to result in side-effect. This paper focuses on the distinction between policy deviation and policy error, and on the introduction of policy deviation concept. And also this paper suggests the expected area of the implemented policy and also can calculate the expected area, which is policy deviation. As the example of the policy deviation, this paper shows the real estate policy which can be the representative of policy deviation. The meaning of this paper asks for the activation of policy deviation research to Korean academic circle.

정책편차, 정책오차, 정책부작용, 정책무력성 명제, 부동산정책, Policy Deviation, Policy Error, Policy Side-effect, Policy ineffectiveness proposition, Real estate policy

신훈 Hoon Shin , 이혜영 Hye Young Lee

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 243-267, 2014

Existing researches about credit card merchant fees have focused policy alternatives primarily from the perspective of business management or economics, and they could not give a plausible explanation about the policy shift of credit card merchant fees in 2012. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the policy change of the credit card merchant fees, based on Kingdon``s policy streams model. The analysis results are as follows. First, compared to period 1 where policy change was not caused despite streams of problems, solutions and politics, period 2 witnessed the joining of the streams caused by activities of policy entrepreneurs. Second, this study found a remarkable coincidence in political streams also played an important role in opening the window of policy change. In this case, activities of Korea Food service-Industry Association and politicians, the political atmosphere of economic democratization, and elections were joined so coincidentally that it could become a momentum for policy change. Finally, compared to problem streams or policy streams, political streams which include interactions among stakeholder groups had a influence on policy change to a considerable degree.

신용카드 가맹점 수수료, Kingdon모형, 정책흐름모형, 정책기업가, 정책변동, credit-card fees, Kingdon`s model, ACF, policy entrepreneurs, policy change

박은형 Eun Hyung Park , 이사빈 Sa Binne Lee

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 267-287, 2014

In this paper, we are trying to figure out the main factors that determine house of representatitive’s voting behavior by analyzing their voting results. Also we are trying to derive how main factors of voting decisions were changed as contents of the legislative bill were changed. In this sense, we categorized three background variables(constituency, socio-economic, political) and tried logit analysis to figure out which variable affects dependent variable most. According to our research, the house of representatives showed accomodative behaviors in distributive policy. On the other hand, when it comes to distribution policy, it was hard to find the effect of the party. Also in distribution policy, the more the ideology of national assembly member is close to liberal, the more they throw veto to the bill. These results are very different from the preceding studies and it can gives us some insights that voting behavior of Korea’s legislatives are different from their counterparts in western countries. We can also find out the effect of voters of each representative’s constituencies. In trade policy, charateristics of each constituency affect house member’s voting behavior. We anticipate representative’s voting behavior would be scrutinized in further studies, and we also expect this paper can be the first step.

입법행태, 전자표결, 배분정책, 재분배정책, 통상정책, roll call voting, legislative behavior, distributive policy, redistributive policy, trade policy

고재권 Jae Kwon Ko

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 287-303, 2014

Recently, there has been a lot of discussion about publicness in various academic fields. In particular, public administration has experienced an animated discussion about publicness because of problems of New Public Management. However, publicness has various concepts and a broad range of contents, which leads to unconsented definition for publicness in public administration. Therefore, this study aims to define publicness with regard to formal and substantial aspects. Specifically, this study uses public service delivery modes to understand publicness.

공공성, 공공서비스, 신공공관리론, 신공공서비스, 거버넌스, Publicness, Public Service, New Public Management, New Public Service, Governance

문병기 Byung Gi Moon

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 303-329, 2014

Concerned with the similarity and redundancy of Korean financial support programs for job creation, this study analyses the evaluation result of service delivery systems. The focus of the evaluation is specialty and connectivity of service delivery systems for 4 types of active labor market policy programs proceeded with three steps of planning-execution-ex post management. Among the 4 types of active labor market policy programs, public service support program shows highest score while employment support & connection program get the lowest score. Among the three steps of program procedure, the score of planning is highest while that of ex post management is lowest. In terms of connectivity among the three steps of program procedure, execution shows the best grade. Finally, this study suggests several policy implications including the construction of a system of evaluation indicators and the governance council of the Korean financial support programs for job creation.

재정지원 일자리사업, 전달체계, 평가지표체계, 거버넌스 협의체, financial support programs for job creation, service delivery systems, system of evaluation indicators, governance council

김한배 Han Bai Kim

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 329-347, 2014

Policy-making is a tools of problem-solving of the environment that the organization itself involed in. And the policy-making process is influenced by the so-called general environment which is devided into technical environment and institutional environment. We can make matrix four typical types to the degrees of adaption to each environment(technical and institutional). I``d like to analysis how the organizations and their policy-making processes react to the impacts or influences of the general environment. There are two contrasting cases that represent typeⅡ and type Ⅲ. The construction of Donggang dam matches typeⅡ. When the construction plan of Donggang dam was announced the environmentalist groups and the regional residents showed intense opposition. As a general environment, their revolts made severe impacts to the policy-making groups including the president. President Kim withdrew the whole plans and as a result, government founded the Department of Sustainable Development. This case shows the government``s reaction to the institutional environment. The big four rivers renewing plan matches type Ⅲ. President Lee expressed the huge canal plan which linked four big rivers of Korea as a campaign pledges. And it also faced nation wide oppositions. But President Lee tactfully escaped the reprocahes by changing the canal plan to the big river renewing projects. His strategy is the displacement of reacts from the fundamental institutional environmental problem to the technical environmental problem. In this way, he enforced the construction plans with all the resists. I think It might be early to evaluate the whole plan. but I``d like to make sure that if the dreadful situation is posssibly comes, the recovery approachs shoud be carefully groped and be based national consensus of the people.

기술적 환경, 제도적 환경, 동강댐 건설, 4대강 사업, 지속가능발전위원회, technical environment, institutional environment. the types of governmental reaction to the general environmental

이태근 Tae Geun Lee

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 347-368, 2014

Many researches have been performed about a administrative district integration, integration effectiveness, agreement and disagreement opinion, and propulsion direction. In addition, researches having interests according to economic facility selections are relatively in numbers. However, the researchs did not deeply conduct about regional conflicts and influence factors related a administrative district integration. Therefore, the research studied influence factors related a administrative district integration. The research selected 7 exogenous variables with politics, administration, local government head, economics, region consciousness, region level, and region scale. Also, the research selected 6 individual characteristic variables with age, gender, education, rank, service period, and service region and 1 intermediate variable with conflict scope and 1 dependent variable with conflict degree. The research conducted multiple regressions, and the results were made as a path analysis. As the research results, economics, region level, and politics among exogenous variables were significant to the intermediate variable. Politics, administration, region scale, economics, and region level among exogenous variables were significant to the dependent variable. Education and gender of individual characteristic variables were significant to the dependent variable. Finally, the intermediate variable was highly significant to the dependent variable.

갈등정도, 갈등관리, 갈등, 지역간 갈등, 영향요인, 행정구역 통합, Conflict, Conflict Degree, Conflict Management, Regional Conflict, Influence Factor, Administrative District Integration

금창호 Chang Ho Geum , 강신일 Shin Il Kang

DOI: Vol.21(No.2) 369-387, 2014

Effective local legislative activities are what determine the performance of local governments and ensure the development of local autonomy at the same time. For the effective local legislative activities, it is necessary to establish the improvement measures to enhance professionalism. Current institutional condition is not sufficient for the enhancement of local legislators`` professionalism due to its own various limitations. This study reviews the introduction of various institutions that are proved effective through the case studies as well as compensate the limitations of the current system. Using National Assembly Research Service as a benchmark, this study proposes the establishment of "(tentative name) Local Legislative Center"and a specific plan for the establishment.

지방의정센터, 지방의회, 지방의원 전문성, 의정활동, Local Legislative Center, Local Council, Professionalism of Local Councilmen, Local Legislative Activities